added figure
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@@ -294,11 +294,31 @@ Fragestellung: Sei $f \colon D\subset \R^n \to \R^n$. Existiert die Umkehrabbild
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\end{satz}
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\begin{proof}
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Sei $\hat x \in D$ und $\hat y \coloneqq f(\hat x)\in f(D)$.
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\begin{figure}
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\centering
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\begin{tikzpicture}
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\coordinate (x) at (-.5,-.5);
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\coordinate (y) at (5.5,-.5);
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\draw[color = black] (0,0) circle (2cm);
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\node at (0,1.5) {$D$};
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\draw[thick, color = red] (x) circle (1cm);
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\draw[color = blue, fill = blue!20!white] (-.5,-.5) circle (.7cm);
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\node[color = red] at (1,0) {$U(\hat x)$};
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\draw[->] (2,0) -- node[pos = 0.6, above] {$f$} (4,0);
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\draw[color = black] (6,0) circle (2cm);
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\node at (6,1.5) {$f(D)$};
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\draw[thick, color = red, fill = blue!20!white] (y) circle (1cm);
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\node[color = red] at (7,0) {$U(\hat y)$};
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\node[color = blue] at (-.6,-.2) {$V(\hat x)$};
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\node [fill=black,inner sep=1pt,circle,label=-45:$\hat x$] at (x) {};
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\node [fill=black,inner sep=1pt,circle,label=0:$\hat y$] at (y) {};
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\end{tikzpicture}
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\end{figure}
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Betrachte $F \colon \R^n \times D \to \R^n, F(y,x) = y-f(x)$. Für $(\hat x, \hat y)$ gilt $F(\hat y, \hat x) = 0$. Die Jacobimatrix $D_xF(y,x) = -J_f(x)$ ist regulär in $\hat x$. Mit Vertauschung von $x$ und $y$ folgt aus dem Satz über implizite Funktionen, dass Umgebungen $U(\hat y)$, $U(\hat x)$ und genau eine stetig differenzierbare Abbildung $g:U(\hat y) \to U(\hat x)$ existieren, sodass $\forall y \in U(\hat y)$
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\[
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0 = F(y,g(y)) = y-f(g(y)), \implies \exists! x = g(y)\in U(\hat x) \text{ mit } y= f(x)
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\]
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Setze dann \[V(\hat x) \coloneqq U(\hat x) \cap f^{-1}(U(\hat y)) = \{ x\in U(\hat x)\mid f(x) \in U(\hat)y\}.\]
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Setze dann \[V(\hat x) \coloneqq U(\hat x) \cap f^{-1}(U(\hat y)) = \{ x\in U(\hat x)\mid f(x) \in U(\hat y)\}.\]
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Da $U(\hat x)$ und $f^{-1}(U(\hat y))$ offen sind, ist auch $V(\hat x)$ offen. Daher ist $f\colon V(\hat x)\to U(\hat y)$ bijektiv und die Umkehrabbildung $f^{-1}\colon U(\hat y) \to V(\hat x)$ ist gerade $g$.
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\begin{align*}
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J_{f\circ f^{-1}}(\cdot) = J_{\mathrm{id}}(\cdot) &= \mathbb{I}
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