Merge branch 'master' of gitea:christian/uni

ws2019/ipi/uebungen/integration.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <cmath>
+
+// Implementiert die Trapezregel mit der Intervallanzahl n
+// der unteren Integrationsgrenze a, der oberen Integrationsgrenze b
+// und ueber die Funktion f
+template <class Function>
+double trapezregel(int n, double a, double b, Function f) {
+    double h = (b-a)/n; // berechne intervalllaenge
+    double accum = 0;
+    for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
+        accum += f(a + i*h); // fuehre die summe aus
+    }
+    return h/2 * (f(a) + 2*accum + f(b)); // wende formel an
+}
+
+// beispiel fuer funktor
+class Wurzel {
+    public:
+        double operator()(double x) {
+            return std::sqrt(x);
+        }
+};
+
+int main() {
+    Wurzel f;    
+    // fuehre integration fuer verschiedene Intervallanzahlen n aus
+    double integ10 = trapezregel(10, 0, 1.5, f);
+    double integ100 = trapezregel(100, 0, 1.5, f);
+    double integ1000 = trapezregel(1000, 0, 1.5, f);
+    std::cout << "Integral ueber sqrt(x) von 0 bis 1.5" << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "n = 10: " << integ10 << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "n = 100: " << integ100 << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "n = 1000: " << integ1000 << std::endl;
+}

ws2019/ipi/uebungen/ipi11.tex

@@ -0,0 +1,331 @@
+\documentclass[uebung]{../../../lecture}
+
+\title{IPI: Übungsblatt 11}
+\author{Samuel Weidemaier, Christian Merten}
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\begin{tabular}{|c|m{1cm}|m{1cm}|m{1cm}|m{1cm}|@{}m{0cm}@{}}
+    \hline
+    Aufgabe & \centering A1 & \centering A2 & \centering A3 & \centering $\sum$ & \\[5mm] \hline
+    Punkte & & & & & \\[5mm] \hline
+\end{tabular}
+
+\begin{aufgabe}
+    Polynomschablone. Die vorgegebene Implementation der \lstinline{SimpleArray} Klasse
+    ist in \textit{simplearray.cc} zu finden. In \textit{polynomial.cc} befindet
+    sich die Implementation der verallgemeinerten \lstinline{Polynomial} Klasse.
+    \begin{lstlisting}[language=C++, captionpos=b, title=polynomial.cc]
+#include <iostream>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include "simplearray.cc"
+
+template <class T>
+class Polynomial: public SimpleArray<T> {
+    public:
+        // konstruiere Polynom vom Grad n
+        Polynomial<T> (int n);
+
+        // Default-Destruktor ist ok
+        // Default-Copy-Konstruktor ist ok
+        // Default-Zuweisung ist ok
+
+        // Grad des Polynoms
+        int degree();
+
+        // Auswertung
+        T eval (T x);
+
+        // Addition von Polynomen
+        Polynomial<T> operator+ (Polynomial<T> q);
+
+        // Multiplikation von Polynomen
+        Polynomial<T> operator* (Polynomial<T> q);
+
+        // Gleichheit
+        bool operator== (Polynomial q);
+
+        // drucke Polynom
+        void print ();
+};
+
+// Constructor
+template <class T>
+Polynomial<T>::Polynomial(int n)
+    : SimpleArray<T>::SimpleArray(n+1,0.0) {}
+
+// Grad auswerten
+template <class T>
+int Polynomial<T>::degree ()
+{
+    return SimpleArray<T>::maxIndex();
+}
+
+// Addition von Polynomen
+template <class T>
+Polynomial<T> Polynomial<T>::operator+ (Polynomial<T> q) {
+    int nr=degree(); // mein grad
+
+    if (q.degree()>nr) nr=q.degree();
+
+    Polynomial r(nr); // Ergebnispolynom
+
+    for (int i=0; i<=nr; i=i+1)
+    {
+        if (i<=degree())
+            r[i] = r[i]+(*this)[i]; // add me to r
+        if (i<=q.degree())
+            r[i] = r[i]+q[i];       // add q to r
+    }
+
+    return r;
+}
+
+// Multiplikation von Polynomen
+template <class T>
+Polynomial<T> Polynomial<T>::operator* (Polynomial<T> q)
+{
+    Polynomial r(degree()+q.degree()); // Ergebnispolynom
+
+    for (int i=0; i<=degree(); i=i+1)
+        for (int j=0; j<=q.degree(); j=j+1)
+            r[i+j] = r[i+j] + (*this)[i]*q[j];
+
+    return r;
+}
+
+// Drucken
+template <class T>
+void Polynomial<T>::print ()
+{
+    if (degree()<0)
+        std::cout << 0;
+    else
+        std::cout << (*this)[0];
+
+    for (int i=1; i<=SimpleArray<T>::maxIndex(); i=i+1) 
+        std::cout << " + " << (*this)[i] << "*x^" << i;
+
+    std::cout << std::endl;
+}
+
+int main() {
+    Polynomial<float> p(2);
+    p[0] = 1.0;
+    p[1] = 1.0;
+    p.print();
+
+    p = p*p;
+    p.print();
+
+    Polynomial<double> q(3);
+    q[0] = 2.0;
+    q[1] = -1.0;
+    q[3] = 4.0;
+    q.print();
+}\end{lstlisting}
+\end{aufgabe}
+
+\begin{aufgabe}
+    Vektorimplementation
+    \begin{lstlisting}[language=C++, captionpos=b, title=vectors.cc]
+#include <iostream>
+#include <vector>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <numeric>
+
+// a class implementing a mathematical vector
+template <class K, size_t N>
+class Vector {
+    public:
+        // constructor, initializes vector with zeroes of length N
+        Vector() : _vector(N, 0) {}
+        // initialize by passing vector vec to initialize the vector object with
+        Vector(std::vector<K> vec) { _vector = vec; }
+        
+        // copy constructor, assignment, destructor not needed
+        // all handled by std::vector
+        
+        // reference [] operator, used for assignments
+        K& operator[](int i) {
+            return _vector[i];
+        }
+
+        // const ref [] operator
+        K operator[](int i) const {
+            return _vector[i];
+        }
+
+        // return an iterator pointing to the first element of the underlying std::vector
+        typename std::vector<K>::const_iterator begin() const {
+            return _vector.begin();
+        }
+        
+        // return an iterator pointing to the last element of the underlying std::vector
+        typename std::vector<K>::const_iterator end() const {
+            return _vector.end();
+        }
+
+        // dot product of two vectors of the same length
+        template <class K2>
+        K operator*(const Vector<K2,N>& y) {
+            std::vector<K> result(N); // new empty std::vector of correct size
+            // now multiply one element of the first with one of the second vector
+            std::transform(_vector.begin(), _vector.end(), y.begin(), result.begin(), std::multiplies<K>());
+            // and sum up the products
+            return std::accumulate(result.begin(), result.end(), 0);
+        }
+
+        // vector addition
+        template <class K2>
+        Vector<K, N> operator+(const Vector<K2, N>& y) {
+            std::vector<K> result(N); // new empty std::vector of correct size
+            // add elements by adding one element of the first to one of the second vector
+            std::transform(_vector.begin(), _vector.end(), y.begin(), result.begin(), std::plus<K>());
+            return Vector(result);
+        }
+
+        // return the maximum value in the vector
+        K max() {
+            return *std::max_element(_vector.begin(), _vector.end());
+        }
+
+        // return the minimum value in the vector
+        K min() {
+            return *std::min_element(_vector.begin(), _vector.end());
+        }
+
+        // return the average value of the vector
+        K average() {
+            // sum up all elements
+            K sum = std::accumulate(_vector.begin(), _vector.end(), 0);
+            return sum / N; // and divide by length
+        }
+
+        // run the specified function on each vector element
+        template <class F>
+        Vector<K,N> map(F op) const {
+            std::vector<K> result(N); // initialize new std::vector of correct size
+            // run op on each element
+            std::transform(_vector.begin(), _vector.end(), result.begin(), op);
+            return Vector(result);
+        }
+    private:
+        std::vector<K> _vector; // the private std::vector container
+};
+
+// print vector
+template <class K, size_t N>
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const Vector<K,N>& v) {
+    os << "["; // opening brackets
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < N; i++) {
+        os << v[i]; // print element
+        if(i < N-1) {
+            os << ", "; // if not the last one, add comma
+        }
+    }
+    os << "]"; // closing brackets
+    return os;
+}
+
+// scalar multiplication for vector * scalar
+template <class K, size_t N, class K2>
+Vector<K, N> operator*(const Vector<K,N>& v, const K2 k) {
+    // multiply a scalar value using the generic map function
+    return v.map(std::bind1st(std::multiplies<K>(), k));
+}
+
+// scalar multiplication for scalar * vector
+template <class K, size_t N, class K2>
+Vector<K, N> operator*(const K2 k, const Vector<K,N>& v) {
+    return v * k;
+}
+
+
+// example function
+double foo(double val) {
+    return val*2+3;
+}
+
+// testing out functionalities
+int main() {
+    Vector<double, 3> a;
+    Vector<float, 3> b;
+    a[0] = 0;
+    a[1] = 0;
+    a[2] = 4;
+
+    b[0] = 42;
+    b[1] = -20;
+    b[2] = 3;
+
+    std::cout << "Vektor a: " << a << ", Vektor b: " << b << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "a+b: " << a+b << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "a*b: " << a*b << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "42*b: " << 42*b << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "b*42: " << b*42 << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "max(a): " << a.max() << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "min(a): " << a.min() << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "mean(a): " << a.average() << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "foo angewendet auf b: " << b.map(foo) << std::endl;
+}\end{lstlisting}
+\end{aufgabe}
+
+\begin{aufgabe}[Funktoren und statischer Polymorphismus] 
+    \begin{enumerate}[(a)]
+        \item Integration mittels Trapezregel
+            für $n = 10$, $n = 100$ und $n = 1000$ beispielsweise ausgerechnet.
+\begin{lstlisting}[language=C++, captionpos=b, title=integration.cc]
+#include <iostream>
+#include <cmath>
+
+// Implementiert die Trapezregel mit der Intervallanzahl n
+// der unteren Integrationsgrenze a, der oberen Integrationsgrenze b
+// und ueber die Funktion f
+template <class Function>
+double trapezregel(int n, double a, double b, Function f) {
+    double h = (b-a)/n; // berechne intervalllaenge
+    double accum = 0;
+    for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
+        accum += f(a + i*h); // fuehre die summe aus
+    }
+    return h/2 * (f(a) + 2*accum + f(b)); // wende formel an
+}
+
+// beispiel fuer funktor
+class Wurzel {
+    public:
+        double operator()(double x) {
+            return std::sqrt(x);
+        }
+};
+
+int main() {
+    Wurzel f;    
+    // fuehre integration fuer verschiedene Intervallanzahlen n aus
+    double integ10 = trapezregel(10, 0, 1.5, f);
+    double integ100 = trapezregel(100, 0, 1.5, f);
+    double integ1000 = trapezregel(1000, 0, 1.5, f);
+    std::cout << "Integral ueber sqrt(x) von 0 bis 1.5" << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "n = 10: " << integ10 << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "n = 100: " << integ100 << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "n = 1000: " << integ1000 << std::endl;
+}\end{lstlisting}
+
+        \item Vorteile der Verwendung von statischem Polymorphismus gegenüber dynamischem Polymorphismus:
+            \begin{itemize}
+                \item Auswertung zum Zeitpunkt des Kompilierens führt zu besserer Optimierung und
+                    Fehlererkennung durch den Compiler.
+                \item Weniger Overhead durch VTABLE's, etc.
+                \item Deshalb effizienter und schneller
+            \end{itemize}
+            Nachteile:
+            \begin{itemize}
+                \item Potentiell unübersichtlicher
+                \item Größe der Programme als kompilierte Binärdatei ist größer
+            \end{itemize}
+
+    \end{enumerate}
+\end{aufgabe}
+
+\end{document}

ws2019/ipi/uebungen/vectors.cc

@@ -1,25 +1,140 @@
 #include <iostream>
 #include <vector>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <numeric>
 
-template <class T, int N>
+// a class implementing a mathematical vector
+template <class K, size_t N>
 class Vector {
     public:
-        Vector<T,N> operator+(const Vector<T,N>& y); // Vektoraddition
-        //T operator*(const Vector<T,n>& y); // Skalarprodukt
+        // constructor, initializes vector with zeroes of length N
+        Vector() : _vector(N, 0) {}
+        // initialize by passing vector vec to initialize the vector object with
+        Vector(std::vector<K> vec) { _vector = vec; }
+        
+        // copy constructor, assignment, destructor not needed
+        // all handled by std::vector
+        
+        // reference [] operator, used for assignments
+        K& operator[](int i) {
+            return _vector[i];
+        }
+
+        // const ref [] operator
+        K operator[](int i) const {
+            return _vector[i];
+        }
+
+        // return an iterator pointing to the first element of the underlying std::vector
+        typename std::vector<K>::const_iterator begin() const {
+            return _vector.begin();
+        }
+        
+        // return an iterator pointing to the last element of the underlying std::vector
+        typename std::vector<K>::const_iterator end() const {
+            return _vector.end();
+        }
+
+        // dot product of two vectors of the same length
+        template <class K2>
+        K operator*(const Vector<K2,N>& y) {
+            std::vector<K> result(N); // new empty std::vector of correct size
+            // now multiply one element of the first with one of the second vector
+            std::transform(_vector.begin(), _vector.end(), y.begin(), result.begin(), std::multiplies<K>());
+            // and sum up the products
+            return std::accumulate(result.begin(), result.end(), 0);
+        }
+
+        // vector addition
+        template <class K2>
+        Vector<K, N> operator+(const Vector<K2, N>& y) {
+            std::vector<K> result(N); // new empty std::vector of correct size
+            // add elements by adding one element of the first to one of the second vector
+            std::transform(_vector.begin(), _vector.end(), y.begin(), result.begin(), std::plus<K>());
+            return Vector(result);
+        }
+
+        // return the maximum value in the vector
+        K max() {
+            return *std::max_element(_vector.begin(), _vector.end());
+        }
+
+        // return the minimum value in the vector
+        K min() {
+            return *std::min_element(_vector.begin(), _vector.end());
+        }
+
+        // return the average value of the vector
+        K average() {
+            // sum up all elements
+            K sum = std::accumulate(_vector.begin(), _vector.end(), 0);
+            return sum / N; // and divide by length
+        }
+
+        // run the specified function on each vector element
+        template <class F>
+        Vector<K,N> map(F op) const {
+            std::vector<K> result(N); // initialize new std::vector of correct size
+            // run op on each element
+            std::transform(_vector.begin(), _vector.end(), result.begin(), op);
+            return Vector(result);
+        }
     private:
-        std::vector<T> _vector[N];
+        std::vector<K> _vector; // the private std::vector container
 };
 
-template <class A, int N>
-Vector<A,N> Vector<A, N>::operator+(const Vector<B,N>& y) {
-    //for(int i = 0; i < _vector.last; i++) {
-    //    std::cout << _vector[i] << std::endl;
-    //}
-    return y;
+// print vector
+template <class K, size_t N>
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const Vector<K,N>& v) {
+    os << "["; // opening brackets
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < N; i++) {
+        os << v[i]; // print element
+        if(i < N-1) {
+            os << ", "; // if not the last one, add comma
+        }
+    }
+    os << "]"; // closing brackets
+    return os;
 }
 
+// scalar multiplication for vector * scalar
+template <class K, size_t N, class K2>
+Vector<K, N> operator*(const Vector<K,N>& v, const K2 k) {
+    // multiply a scalar value using the generic map function
+    return v.map(std::bind1st(std::multiplies<K>(), k));
+}
+
+// scalar multiplication for scalar * vector
+template <class K, size_t N, class K2>
+Vector<K, N> operator*(const K2 k, const Vector<K,N>& v) {
+    return v * k;
+}
+
+
+// example function
+double foo(double val) {
+    return val*2+3;
+}
+
+// testing out functionalities
 int main() {
     Vector<double, 3> a;
-    Vector<double, 3> b;
-    b = a+a;
+    Vector<float, 3> b;
+    a[0] = 0;
+    a[1] = 0;
+    a[2] = 4;
+
+    b[0] = 42;
+    b[1] = -20;
+    b[2] = 3;
+
+    std::cout << "Vektor a: " << a << ", Vektor b: " << b << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "a+b: " << a+b << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "a*b: " << a*b << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "42*b: " << 42*b << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "b*42: " << b*42 << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "max(a): " << a.max() << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "min(a): " << a.min() << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "mean(a): " << a.average() << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "foo angewendet auf b: " << b.map(foo) << std::endl;
 }