finish theo2
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@@ -12,6 +12,107 @@
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\begin{align*}
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\begin{align*}
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\vec{\nabla} (E + \lambda f) \cdot \delta \vec{x} = 0
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\vec{\nabla} (E + \lambda f) \cdot \delta \vec{x} = 0
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.\end{align*}
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.\end{align*}
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Mit
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\begin{align*}
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E(a,b,c) &= \frac{h^2}{8m}\left( \frac{1}{a^2} + \frac{1}{b^2} + \frac{1}{c^2} \right)
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\intertext{folgt}
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\vec{\nabla} E &= -\frac{h^2}{4m} \begin{pmatrix} \frac{1}{a^{3}} \\ \frac{1}{b^{3}} \\ \frac{1}{c^{3}} \end{pmatrix} \\
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\vec{\nabla} f &= \begin{pmatrix} bc \\ ac \\ ab \end{pmatrix}
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.\end{align*}
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Damit folgt mit $V = abc$
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\begin{align*}
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-\frac{h^2}{4m} \begin{pmatrix} \frac{1}{a^{3}} \\ \frac{1}{b^{3}} \\ \frac{1}{c^{3}} \end{pmatrix}
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+ \lambda \begin{pmatrix} bc \\ ac \\ ab \end{pmatrix} = 0
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\implies -\frac{h^2}{4ma^{3}} + \lambda \frac{V}{a} = 0 \implies \lambda = \frac{h^2}{4Vma^{2}}
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\implies \begin{cases}
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b^2 = a^2 \\
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c^2 = a^2
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\end{cases}
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.\end{align*}
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Mit $a, b, c > 0$ und $V = abc$ folgt $a = b = c = \sqrt[3]{V}$.
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Überprüfung ob ein Minimum vorliegt:
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\begin{align*}
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H E(a,b,c) = \frac{h^2}{4m} \begin{pmatrix} \frac{3}{a^{4}} & 0 & 0 \\
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0 & \frac{3}{b^{4}} & 0 \\
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0 & 0 & \frac{3}{c^{4}}
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\end{pmatrix}
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.\end{align*}
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$H E(a,b,c)$ nach Hauptminorenkriterium positiv definit, damit liegt bei $a = b = c = \sqrt[3]{V}$
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ein Minimum vor.
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\end{aufgabe}
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\begin{aufgabe}
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\begin{enumerate}[(a)]
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\item Für die Zwangsbedingung gilt
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\[
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\tan \alpha = \frac{z}{x - \xi(t)} \implies x \sin \alpha - \xi(t) \sin \alpha - z \cos \alpha = 0. \qquad (*)
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\]
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\item Damit folgen die Langrange-Gleichungen 1. Art:
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\[
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\begin{pmatrix} 0 \\ 0 \\ -mg \end{pmatrix} - m\ddot{\vec{x}} + \lambda \begin{pmatrix} \sin \alpha \\ 0 \\ -\cos\alpha \end{pmatrix} = 0 \implies
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\begin{cases}
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-m\ddot{x} + \lambda \sin \alpha = 0 \implies \lambda = \frac{m}{\sin\alpha} \ddot{x} \\
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m\ddot{y} = 0 \qquad \stackrel{\vec{x}(0) = \dot{\vec{x}}(0) = 0} \implies \qquad y = 0\\
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mg + m\ddot{z} + \lamdba \cos\alpha = 0
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\end{cases}
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.\] Mit $(*)$ folgt
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\[
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x = \xi + z \frac{\cos\alpha}{\sin\alpha} \implies \ddot{x}
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= \ddot{\xi} + \ddot{z} \frac{\cos\alpha}{\sin\alpha}
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.\] Damit folgt für $z$:
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\begin{align*}
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&g + \ddot{z} +
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\frac{\cos\alpha}{\sin\alpha}\left( \ddot{\xi} + \ddot{z} \frac{\cos\alpha}{\sin\alpha}\right)
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= 0 \\
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\implies
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&\ddot{z} = - g \sin^2\alpha - \sin\alpha \cos\alpha \ddot{\xi}
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\intertext{Mit $\vec{x}(0) = 0$, $\dot{\vec{x}}(0) = 0$, $\xi(0) = 0$ und $\dot{\xi}(0) = 0$
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folgt}
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&z = -\frac{1}{2}g\sin^2\alpha \cdot t^2 - \frac{1}{2}\sin(2\alpha)\xi
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\intertext{Eingesetzt in $(*)$ folgt für $x$}
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&x = \sin^2\alpha \cdot \xi - \frac{1}{4} g \sin(2 \alpha) t^2
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\intertext{Damit folgt insgesamt}
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&\vec{x} = \begin{pmatrix} \sin^2\alpha \cdot \xi - \frac{1}{4} g \sin(2 \alpha) t^2 \\
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0 \\
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-\frac{1}{2}g\sin^2\alpha \cdot t^2 - \frac{1}{2}\sin(2\alpha)\xi
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\end{pmatrix}
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.\end{align*}
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\item Die Zwangskraft ist gegeben durch
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\begin{align*}
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\vec{Z} &= \lambda \vec{\nabla} f = \lambda \begin{pmatrix} \sin\alpha \\ 0 \\ -\cos\alpha \end{pmatrix}
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\intertext{Mit $\lambda = \frac{m}{\sin\alpha}\ddot{x}$ folgt direkt}
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\vec{Z} &= \begin{pmatrix} m \ddot{\xi} \sin^2\alpha - \frac{1}{2} mg \sin(2\alpha) \\
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0 \\
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- \frac{m}{2} \ddot{\xi} \sin(2\alpha) + mg \cos^2\alpha
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\end{pmatrix}
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.\end{align*}
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\end{enumerate}
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\end{aufgabe}
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\begin{aufgabe}
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\begin{enumerate}[(a)]
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\item Es liege ein Potential mit $\vec{F} = - \vec{\nabla} V(\vec{x})$ vor. Damit gilt
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Energieerhaltung und es folgt
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\begin{align*}
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&\frac{m}{2} \dot{\vec{x}}^2 + V(\vec{x}) = E \\
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\implies & \left|\frac{\text{d}\vec{x}}{\d t}\right| = \sqrt{\frac{2}{m}(E - V(\vec{x}))}
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\intertext{Durch Trennung der Variablen folgt}
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&\d t = \frac{|\text{d}\vec{x}|}{\sqrt{\frac{2}{m} (E - V(\vec{x}))}}
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\implies \Delta t = \int_{\vec{x}_0}^{\vec{x}_E}
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\frac{|\text{d}\vec{x}|}{\sqrt{\frac{2}{m} (E - V(\vec{x}))}}
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\intertext{Mit $\vec{x} = \begin{pmatrix} x \\ -f(x) \end{pmatrix} $ folgt}
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& \frac{\text{d}\vec{x}}{\d x} = \begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ -f'(x) \end{pmatrix}
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\implies \left| \frac{\text{d}\vec{x}}{\d x}\right| = \sqrt{1 + f'(x)^2}
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\intertext{Zusammen folgt}
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&\Delta t = \int_{x_0}^{x_E} \frac{\sqrt{1 + f'(x)^2}}{\sqrt{\frac{2}{m} (E - V(\vec{x}))}} \d x
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.\end{align*}
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\item Mit $E = 0$, $x_0 = 0$, $x_E = 1$ und $f(x) = x$ folgt
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\[
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\Delta t = \int_{0}^{1} \frac{\sqrt{2} }{\sqrt{2 g} } \d x = \frac{2}{\sqrt{g} } \sqrt{x}
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\Big|_{0}^{1} = \frac{2}{\sqrt{g} }
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.\]
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\end{enumerate}
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\end{aufgabe}
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\end{aufgabe}
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\end{document}
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\end{document}
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