update ana 1 scripts
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@@ -60,10 +60,11 @@
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\begin{proof}[Alternativbeweis mit Teleskop-Summe]
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\begin{align*}
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1-x^{n+1} &= 1 - x + x - x^2 + x^2 - \ldots - x^n + x^n - x^n+1 \\
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1-x^{n+1} &= 1 - x + x - x^2 + x^2 - \ldots - x^n + x^n - x^{n+1} \\
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&= \sum_{k=0}^{n} x^{k} - \sum_{k=1}^{n+1} x^{k} \\
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&= \sum_{k=0}^{n} x^{k} - \sum_{k=0}^{n} x^{k+1} \\
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&= \sum_{k=0}^{n} x^{k} - x \\
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&= \sum_{k=0}^{n} x^{k} - x \sum_{k=0}^{n} x^{k} \\
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&= (1-x) \sum_{k=0}^{n} x^{k}
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.\end{align*}
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\end{proof}
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@@ -79,13 +80,11 @@ $ \forall a, b \in \R$ und $n \in \N$ gilt:
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\begin{proof}
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Für $a=0$ und $a = b$ stimmt die Formel offenbar.\\
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Betrachte geometrische Reihe mit $x := \frac{b}{a} \neq 1$
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\[
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1 - \left(\frac{b}{a}\right)^n = 1 - x^n = (1 - x) \sum_{k=0}^{n-1} x^k
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= (1 - \frac{b}{a}) \sum_{k=0}^{n-1} \left(\frac{b}{a}\right)^k
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\]
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\[
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a^n - b^n = (a-b) \sum_{k=0}^{n-1} b^k a^{-k} a^{n-1} = (a - b) \sum_{k=0}^{n-1} a^{n-1-k} b^k
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\]
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\begin{align*}
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&1 - \left(\frac{b}{a}\right)^n = 1 - x^n = (1 - x) \sum_{k=0}^{n-1} x^k
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= (1 - \frac{b}{a}) \sum_{k=0}^{n-1} \left(\frac{b}{a}\right)^k \quad \Big| \cdot a^{n}\\
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\implies &a^n - b^n = (a-b) \sum_{k=0}^{n-1} b^k a^{-k} a^{n-1} = (a - b) \sum_{k=0}^{n-1} a^{n-1-k} b^k
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.\end{align*}
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\end{proof}
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\subsection{Elemente der Kombinatorik}
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@@ -113,16 +112,16 @@ Für $n \in \N$ ist die Fakultät $n!$ rekursiv definiert durch:
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\end{proof}
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\begin{definition}[Binomialkoeffizient]
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Für $n, k \in \N$ definieren wir:\\
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Für $n, k \in \N_0$ definieren wir:\\
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\begin{align*}
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n \ge k \ge 1:& \binom{n}{k} := \frac{n(n-1) \ldots (n -k + 1)}{k!} \\
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k = 0:& \binom{n}{0} := 1
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n \ge k \ge 1\colon & \binom{n}{k} := \frac{n(n-1) \ldots (n -k + 1)}{k!} \\
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k = 0\colon & \binom{n}{0} := 1
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\end{align*}
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$\binom{n}{k}$ ist die Anzahl der k-Elementigen Teilmengen einer n-Elementigen Menge, z.B.: Lotto $\binom{49}{6} = 13.983.816$.
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\begin{align*}
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\binom{n}{k} &= \frac{n(n-1) \ldots (n - k +1)}{k!}\\
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&= \frac{n(n-1) \ldots (n-k+1)(n-k)!}{k!(n-k)!}\\
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&= \frac{n!}{k!(n-k)!} = \binom{n}{n-k}\\
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&= \frac{n!}{k!(n-k)!} = \binom{n}{n-k}
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.\end{align*}
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Es folgt $\binom{n}{0} = 1$, $\binom{n}{n} = 1$,
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$\binom{n}{1} = \binom{n}{n-1} = n, \forall n \in \N.$
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