add ana21
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@@ -260,6 +260,50 @@
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\end{enumerate}
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\end{satz}
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\begin{proof}
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\begin{enumerate}
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\item Z.z.: $(\alpha f + \beta g)'(x) = \alpha f'(x) + \beta g'(x)$
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\begin{align*}
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\frac{(\alpha f + \beta g)(x_1) - (\alpha f + \beta g)(x_0)}{x_1 - x_0}
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&= \alpha \left( \frac{f(x_1) - f(x_0)}{x_1 - x_0} \right)
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+ \beta \left( \frac{g(x_1) -g(x_0)}{x_1-x_0} \right) \\
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&\xrightarrow{x_1\to x_0} \alpha f'(x_0) + \beta g'(x_0)
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.\end{align*}
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\item Z.z.: $(f g)'(x) = f'(x) g(x) + f(x) g'(x)$
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\begin{align*}
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\frac{f(x_1) g(x_1) - f(x_0) g(x_0)}{x_1 - x_0}
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&= \frac{f(x_1) g(x_1) - f(x_0)g(x_1) + f(x_0)g(x_1)
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- f(x_0) g(x_0)}{x_1 - x_0} \\
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&= g(x_1) \frac{f(x_1) - f(x_0)}{x_1 - x_0}
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+ f(x_0) \frac{g(x_1) - g(x_0)}{x_1 - x_0} \\
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&\xrightarrow[g \text{ stetig in } x_0]{x_1 \to x_0} g(x_0) f'(x_0) + f(x_0) g'(x_0)
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.\end{align*}
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\item Z.z.: $\left( \frac{f}{g} \right)'(x) = \frac{f'(x)g(x)
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- f(x) g'(x)}{g^2(x)}$
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Für $f \equiv 1$:
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\begin{align*}
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\left( \frac{1}{g} \right)'(x_0)
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&= \lim_{x \to x_0} \frac{1}{x-x_0}
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\left( \frac{1}{g(x)} - \frac{1}{g(x_0)}\right) \\
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&= \lim_{x \to x_0} \frac{1}{x - x_0}
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\frac{g(x_0) - g(x)}{x - x_0}\\
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&\stackrel{\mathclap{g \text{ stetig}}}{=} \quad
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\lim_{x \to x_0} \frac{1}{g(x) g(x_0)}
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\cdot \lim_{x \to x_0} \frac{g(x_0) - g(x)}{x - x_0} \\
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&= \frac{1}{g(x_0)^2} \cdot (- g'(x_0))
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\intertext{Nun für $f$ beliebig mit Produktregel:}
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\left( \frac{f}{g} \right)'(x_0)
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&= (f\cdot \frac{1}{g})' (x_0) \\
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&= f'(x_0) \cdot \frac{1}{g(x_0)}
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+ f(x_0) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{g(x_0)}\right)' \\
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&= f'(x_0) \cdot \frac{1}{g(x_0)}
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- f(x_0) \cdot \frac{g'(x_0)}{g(x_0)^2} \\
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&= \frac{f'(x_0) g(x_0) - f(x_0) g'(x_0)}{g(x_0)^2}
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.\end{align*}
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\end{enumerate}
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\end{proof}
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\begin{satz}[Differenzierbarkeit der Umkehrfunktion]
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Sei $f\colon D \to B \subset \R$ stetige invertierbare
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Funktion mit Inverser
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@@ -272,6 +316,23 @@
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.\]
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\end{satz}
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\begin{proof}
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Sei $y_n = f(x_n)$, $y_0 = f(x_0)$, $y_n \neq y_0$,
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$y_n \to y_0$, $n \to \infty$. Wegen Stetigkeit
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von $f^{-1}$ gilt $\underbrace{f^{-1}(y_n)}_{= x_n}
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\xrightarrow{n \to \infty} \underbrace{f^{-1}(y_0)}_{= x_0}$, oder
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$x_0 \xrightarrow{n \to \infty} x_n$.
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Berechne
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\begin{align*}
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\frac{f^{-1}(y_n) - f^{-1}(y_0)}{y_n - y_0}
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= \frac{x_n - x_0}{f(x_n) - f(x_0)}
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= \left( \frac{f(x_n) - f(x_0)}{x_n - x_0} \right)^{-1}
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\xrightarrow{n \to \infty}
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\left( f'(x_0) \right)^{-1}
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.\end{align*}
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\end{proof}
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\begin{satz}[Kettenregel]
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Seien $f\colon D_f \to \R$, $g\colon D_g \to \R$ stetige Funktionen.
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$f \in x_0 \in D_f$ differenzierbar, $g \in y_0 = f(x_0) \in D_g$
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@@ -282,6 +343,29 @@
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.\]
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\end{satz}
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\begin{proof}
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Definiere die Funktion $\Delta g\colon D_g \to \R $, mit
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$\Delta g(y) = \begin{cases}
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\frac{g(y) - g(y_0)}{y - y_0} & y \neq y_0 = f(x_0) \\
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g'(y_0) & y = y_0
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\end{cases}$.
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$g$ in $y_0$ differenzierbar
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$\implies \exists g'(y_0) \implies \lim_{y \to y_0} \Delta g(y)
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= g'(y_0)$.
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Für $y \in D_g$ gilt $g(y) = g(y_0) + \Delta g(y)(y - y_0)$. Damit folgt
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\begin{align*}
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(g \circ f)'(x_0)
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&\stackrel{\mathclap{\text{Def.}}}{=}
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\lim_{x \to x_0} \frac{g(\overbrace{f(x)}^{y})
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- g(\overbrace{f(x_0)}^{y_0})}{x - x_0} \\
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&= \lim_{x \to x_0} \Delta g(f(x)) \cdot
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\lim_{x \to x_0} \frac{f(x) - f(x_0)}{x- x_0} \\
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&= g'(f(x_0)) \cdot f'(x_0)
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.\end{align*}
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\end{proof}
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\begin{bsp}
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Für $x > 0$ \[
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\frac{d}{dx}(\ln x) = \frac{1}{x}
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