| @@ -12,8 +12,43 @@ | |||||
| Dabei gilt $\gamma$ stetig $\Leftrightarrow$ $\gamma_i$ stetig $\forall i = 1,\dots, n$. | Dabei gilt $\gamma$ stetig $\Leftrightarrow$ $\gamma_i$ stetig $\forall i = 1,\dots, n$. | ||||
| \end{definition} | \end{definition} | ||||
| \begin{bsp} | \begin{bsp} | ||||
| \begin{figure}[h] | |||||
| \captionsetup[subfigure]{justification=justified,singlelinecheck=false} | |||||
| \begin{subfigure}[b]{0.3\textwidth} | |||||
| \begin{tikzpicture} | |||||
| \draw[color=white] (-.5,-.5) -- (0,0); | |||||
| \draw[->,color=blue, thick] (1,1) -- (2,2); | |||||
| \draw (0,0) -- (2,2); | |||||
| \node at (1,1) {\textbullet}; | |||||
| \node[below] at (1,1) {$a$}; | |||||
| \end{tikzpicture} | |||||
| \subcaption{Beispiel 1, Gerade} | |||||
| \end{subfigure} | |||||
| \begin{subfigure}[b]{0.3\textwidth} | |||||
| \begin{tikzpicture} | |||||
| \draw (0,0) circle (1.5cm); | |||||
| \node at (0,0) {\textbullet}; | |||||
| \node[below right] at (0,0) {$a$}; | |||||
| \draw[->, thick] (0,0) -- node[pos=.5, above left] {$r$} (1.05,1.05); | |||||
| \end{tikzpicture} | |||||
| \subcaption{Beispiel 2, Kreis} | |||||
| \end{subfigure} | |||||
| \begin{subfigure}[b]{0.35\textwidth} | |||||
| \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.6] | |||||
| \begin{axis}[ | |||||
| grid = major | |||||
| ] | |||||
| \addplot3[variable=t,mesh,samples=70,domain=0:2] (cos(360*t), { sin(360* t) }, 0.5*t); | |||||
| \end{axis} | |||||
| \end{tikzpicture} | |||||
| \subcaption{Beispiel 3, Helix} | |||||
| \end{subfigure} | |||||
| \end{figure} | |||||
| \begin{enumerate} | \begin{enumerate} | ||||
| \item Gerade in $\R^n$ durch einen Punkt $a\in \R^n$ in Richtung $v \in \R^n\setminus\{0\}: \gamma(t) = a + tv,\; I = \R$. | |||||
| \item Gerade in $\R^n$ durch einen Punkt $a\in \R^n$ in Richtung $v \in \R^n\setminus\{0\}$: | |||||
| \[ | |||||
| \gamma(t) = a + tv,\; I = \R. | |||||
| \] | |||||
| \item Kreis in $\R^2$ um $a\in \R^2$ mit Radius $r > 0$ | \item Kreis in $\R^2$ um $a\in \R^2$ mit Radius $r > 0$ | ||||
| \[ | \[ | ||||
| \gamma(t) = a + r\begin{pmatrix} | \gamma(t) = a + r\begin{pmatrix} | ||||
| @@ -24,7 +59,7 @@ | |||||
| \item Helix in $\R^3$ mit $r > 0, c \neq 0$. | \item Helix in $\R^3$ mit $r > 0, c \neq 0$. | ||||
| \[ | \[ | ||||
| \gamma(t) = \begin{pmatrix} | \gamma(t) = \begin{pmatrix} | ||||
| r\cos(T)\\ | |||||
| r\cos(t)\\ | |||||
| r\sin(t)\\ | r\sin(t)\\ | ||||
| c\cdot t | c\cdot t | ||||
| \end{pmatrix} | \end{pmatrix} | ||||
| @@ -47,6 +82,26 @@ | |||||
| \] | \] | ||||
| \end{enumerate} | \end{enumerate} | ||||
| \end{definition} | \end{definition} | ||||
| \begin{figure} | |||||
| \begin{subfigure}[b]{0.4\textwidth} | |||||
| \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.7] | |||||
| \begin{axis}[axis lines=middle] | |||||
| \addplot [domain=-2:2,samples=40]({x^2-1},{x^3-x}); | |||||
| \node[color=red] (a) at (0,0) {\textbullet}; | |||||
| \end{axis} | |||||
| \end{tikzpicture} | |||||
| \subcaption{Beispiel 4: nicht injektive Kurve,\\ \textcolor{red}{\textbullet} liegt bei $t = \pm 1$.} | |||||
| \end{subfigure} | |||||
| \begin{subfigure}[b]{0.4\textwidth} | |||||
| \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.7] | |||||
| \begin{axis}[axis lines=middle] | |||||
| \addplot [domain=-2:2,samples=40]({x^2},{x^3}); | |||||
| \node[color=red] (a) at (0,0) {\textbullet}; | |||||
| \end{axis} | |||||
| \end{tikzpicture} | |||||
| \subcaption{Beispiel 5: Neilsche Parabel, \textcolor{red}{\textbullet} liegt bei $t = 0$ und ist ein singulärer Punkt.} | |||||
| \end{subfigure} | |||||
| \end{figure} | |||||
| \begin{bsp} | \begin{bsp} | ||||
| \begin{enumerate} | \begin{enumerate} | ||||
| \item Gerade: $\gamma(t) = a + v\cdot t$. | \item Gerade: $\gamma(t) = a + v\cdot t$. | ||||
| @@ -173,6 +228,31 @@ | |||||
| \end{salign*} | \end{salign*} | ||||
| Also existiert für ein beliebiges $\epsilon > 0$ eine Zerlegung $\mathcal{Z}$ mit $S(\mathcal{Z}) \geq \int_a^b\norm{\gamma'(t)}\d t - \epsilon$. Zusammen mit $S(y) \leq \int_a^b\norm{\gamma'(t)}\d t$ folgt $S(\gamma) = \int_a^b \norm{\gamma'(t)} \d t$. | Also existiert für ein beliebiges $\epsilon > 0$ eine Zerlegung $\mathcal{Z}$ mit $S(\mathcal{Z}) \geq \int_a^b\norm{\gamma'(t)}\d t - \epsilon$. Zusammen mit $S(y) \leq \int_a^b\norm{\gamma'(t)}\d t$ folgt $S(\gamma) = \int_a^b \norm{\gamma'(t)} \d t$. | ||||
| \end{proof} | \end{proof} | ||||
| \begin{figure}[h] | |||||
| \captionsetup[subfigure]{justification=justified,singlelinecheck=false} | |||||
| \begin{subfigure}[b]{0.3\textwidth} | |||||
| \begin{tikzpicture} | |||||
| \draw[color=white] (-.5,-.5) -- (0,0); | |||||
| \draw[color=black] (1.5,0) arc [start angle=0, end angle=200, radius=1.5] -- node[pos=.5, below] {$r$} (0,0); | |||||
| \draw[color=blue] (1.5,0) arc [start angle=0, end angle=200, radius=1.5]; | |||||
| \draw[color=black] (.4,0) arc [start angle=0, end angle=200, radius=.4]; | |||||
| \draw (0,0) -- node[pos=.5,below] {$r$} (1.5,0); | |||||
| \node[color = blue] at (1.6,.4) {$\gamma$}; | |||||
| \node at (0,.2) {$\varphi$}; | |||||
| \end{tikzpicture} | |||||
| \subcaption{Beispiel 1: Kreisbogen} | |||||
| \end{subfigure} | |||||
| \begin{subfigure}[b]{0.6\textwidth} | |||||
| \begin{tikzpicture} | |||||
| \begin{axis}[axis equal image, axis lines=middle,width=\textwidth, xticklabels={0, $\pi$, $2\pi$}, xtick={0,3.14,6.28}, ymin=0,ymax=2, smooth] | |||||
| \addplot[domain=0:6.28] ({x-sin(180/3.14 * x)},{1-cos(180/3.14 * x)}); | |||||
| \draw (3.14,1) circle (1); | |||||
| \node at (3.14,2) {\textbullet}; | |||||
| \end{axis} | |||||
| \end{tikzpicture} | |||||
| \subcaption{Beispiel 2: Zykloide} | |||||
| \end{subfigure} | |||||
| \end{figure} | |||||
| \begin{bsp} | \begin{bsp} | ||||
| \begin{enumerate} | \begin{enumerate} | ||||
| \item Kreisbogen: $\gamma(t) = \begin{pmatrix} | \item Kreisbogen: $\gamma(t) = \begin{pmatrix} | ||||