| @@ -9,11 +9,11 @@ | |||||
| \begin{aufgabe} | \begin{aufgabe} | ||||
| \begin{enumerate}[(a)] | \begin{enumerate}[(a)] | ||||
| \item $f\colon R^2 \to \R$, $f(x,y) = e^{x} \cos(y) + \ln(1+y^2)$. Dann gilt | |||||
| \item $f\colon \R^2 \to \R$, $f(x,y) = e^{x} \cos(y) + \ln(1+y^2)$. Dann gilt | |||||
| \[ | \[ | ||||
| \nabla f = \begin{pmatrix} e^{x} \cos(y) \\ -e^{x} \sin(y) + \frac{2y}{1+y^2} \end{pmatrix} | \nabla f = \begin{pmatrix} e^{x} \cos(y) \\ -e^{x} \sin(y) + \frac{2y}{1+y^2} \end{pmatrix} | ||||
| .\] | .\] | ||||
| \item $f\colon R^2 \to R$ mit | |||||
| \item $f\colon \R^2 \to \R$ mit | |||||
| \[ | \[ | ||||
| f(x,y) = \begin{cases} | f(x,y) = \begin{cases} | ||||
| xy \frac{x^2 - y^2}{x^2 + y^2} & (x,y) \neq (0,0) \\ | xy \frac{x^2 - y^2}{x^2 + y^2} & (x,y) \neq (0,0) \\ | ||||
| @@ -54,7 +54,12 @@ | |||||
| \frac{\partial^2f(0,0)}{\partial y \partial x} | \frac{\partial^2f(0,0)}{\partial y \partial x} | ||||
| &= \lim_{h \to 0} \frac{\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}(0,h) - \frac{\partial f}{\partial x}(0)}{h} | &= \lim_{h \to 0} \frac{\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}(0,h) - \frac{\partial f}{\partial x}(0)}{h} | ||||
| = \lim_{h \to 0} \frac{\frac{\partial f}{\partial y}(0,h)}{h} | = \lim_{h \to 0} \frac{\frac{\partial f}{\partial y}(0,h)}{h} | ||||
| = - \frac{h^{5}}{h h^{4} } = -1 | |||||
| = - \frac{h^{5}}{h h^{4} } = -1 \\ | |||||
| \frac{\partial^2f(0,0)}{\partial x \partial x} | |||||
| &= 0 | |||||
| \\ | |||||
| \frac{\partial^2f(0,0)}{\partial y \partial y} | |||||
| &= 0 | |||||
| .\end{salign*} | .\end{salign*} | ||||
| Also existieren die zweiten partiellen Ableitungen auf ganz $\R^2$, aber es gilt | Also existieren die zweiten partiellen Ableitungen auf ganz $\R^2$, aber es gilt | ||||
| \[ | \[ | ||||
| @@ -67,14 +72,14 @@ | |||||
| \begin{proof} | \begin{proof} | ||||
| Es gilt für $(x,y) \neq (0,0)$: | Es gilt für $(x,y) \neq (0,0)$: | ||||
| \begin{align*} | \begin{align*} | ||||
| \frac{\partial f}{\partial x \partial y} | |||||
| \frac{\partial f^2}{\partial x \partial y} | |||||
| = \frac{x^{6} + 9x^{4}y^2 - 9x^2y^{4} - y^{6}}{(x^2 + y^2)^{3}} | = \frac{x^{6} + 9x^{4}y^2 - 9x^2y^{4} - y^{6}}{(x^2 + y^2)^{3}} | ||||
| .\end{align*} | .\end{align*} | ||||
| Mit $(x,y)_n = \left( \frac{1}{n}, \frac{1}{n} \right) $ gilt | Mit $(x,y)_n = \left( \frac{1}{n}, \frac{1}{n} \right) $ gilt | ||||
| $(x,y)_n \xrightarrow{n \to \infty} (0,0)$, aber | $(x,y)_n \xrightarrow{n \to \infty} (0,0)$, aber | ||||
| \begin{align*} | \begin{align*} | ||||
| \frac{\partial f}{\partial x \partial y}(x,y)_n | |||||
| = \frac{\frac{1}{n^{6}} + \frac{9}{n^{6}} - \frac{9}{n^{6}} - \frac{1}{n^{6}}}{\frac{8}{n^{6}}} = 0 \neq 1 = \frac{\partial f}{\partial x \partial y} (0,0) | |||||
| \frac{\partial f^2}{\partial x \partial y}(x,y)_n | |||||
| = \frac{\frac{1}{n^{6}} + \frac{9}{n^{6}} - \frac{9}{n^{6}} - \frac{1}{n^{6}}}{\frac{8}{n^{6}}} = 0 \neq 1 = \frac{\partial f^2}{\partial x \partial y} (0,0) | |||||
| .\end{align*} | .\end{align*} | ||||
| \end{proof} | \end{proof} | ||||
| Der Satz von Schwarz für ein $x \in D$ gilt nur, wenn $f$ 2-mal stetig | Der Satz von Schwarz für ein $x \in D$ gilt nur, wenn $f$ 2-mal stetig | ||||
| @@ -108,11 +113,16 @@ | |||||
| \frac{\partial f}{\partial v} (0, 0) = \lim_{t \searrow 0} | \frac{\partial f}{\partial v} (0, 0) = \lim_{t \searrow 0} | ||||
| \frac{f(tv) - f(0)}{t} | \frac{f(tv) - f(0)}{t} | ||||
| = \lim_{t \searrow 0} \frac{f(tv)}{t} | = \lim_{t \searrow 0} \frac{f(tv)}{t} | ||||
| = \lim_{t \searrow 0} \frac{v_xv_y^2}{v_x^2 + \frac{1}{t^2}v_y^{4}} = \frac{v_y^2}{v_x} | |||||
| = \lim_{t \searrow 0} \frac{v_xv_y^2}{v_x^2 + \frac{1}{t^2}v_y^{4}}% = \frac{v_y^2}{v_x} | |||||
| = | |||||
| \begin{cases} | |||||
| 0 & v_x = 0 \\ | |||||
| \frac{v_y^2}{v_x} & v_x \neq 0 | |||||
| \end{cases} | |||||
| .\end{salign*} | .\end{salign*} | ||||
| Also existieren alle Richtungsableitungen in $(x,y) = (0,0)$. | Also existieren alle Richtungsableitungen in $(x,y) = (0,0)$. | ||||
| \end{proof} | \end{proof} | ||||
| \item $f\colon R^2 \to \R$ mit | |||||
| \item $f\colon \R^2 \to \R$ mit | |||||
| \[ | \[ | ||||
| f(x,y) = \begin{cases} | f(x,y) = \begin{cases} | ||||
| (x^2 + y^2) \sin\left( \frac{1}{\sqrt{x^2 + y^2} } \right) & (x,y) \neq (0,0) \\ | (x^2 + y^2) \sin\left( \frac{1}{\sqrt{x^2 + y^2} } \right) & (x,y) \neq (0,0) \\ | ||||
| @@ -158,7 +168,7 @@ | |||||
| \end{aufgabe} | \end{aufgabe} | ||||
| \begin{aufgabe} | \begin{aufgabe} | ||||
| Sei $D \coloneqq \R^2 \setminus \{ (x_1, x_2)^{T} \mid x_2 \le 0 \text{ oder } x_1x_2 = k\pi + \frac{\pi}{2}, k \in \Z\} $, $f\colon D \to \R^2$ und $g \colon R^2 \to \R^2$ mit | |||||
| Sei $D \coloneqq \R^2 \setminus \{ (x_1, x_2)^{T} \mid x_2 \le 0 \text{ oder } x_1x_2 = k\pi + \frac{\pi}{2}, k \in \Z\} $, $f\colon D \to \R^2$ und $g \colon \R^2 \to \R^2$ mit | |||||
| \[ | \[ | ||||
| f(x_1, x_2) = \begin{pmatrix} x_1 \ln(x_2) \\ \tan(x_1, x_2) \end{pmatrix}, | f(x_1, x_2) = \begin{pmatrix} x_1 \ln(x_2) \\ \tan(x_1, x_2) \end{pmatrix}, | ||||
| \quad g(y_1, y_2) = \begin{pmatrix} y_1^2 \\ y_2^2 \end{pmatrix} | \quad g(y_1, y_2) = \begin{pmatrix} y_1^2 \\ y_2^2 \end{pmatrix} | ||||